There are at least two schools of thought with regard to the basic principles involved in planning for retirement spending. The first, and most common, approach poses the problem as a seemingly simple determination of the retirement income needs of a retiree relative to pre retirement income. This is typically expressed as a “replacement rate,” in which a retiree targets a given fraction of his or her pre retirement income level as an amount adequate to sustain a desired lifestyle without working. Often, a particular level of income is given as a rule of thumb (e.g., 80% of pre retirement income). (more…)

Whether or not you think that of retirement as “the long holiday” or perhaps a “never-ending weekend,” it’s the time period within your life when you have finest discretion as to how you can make use of your time. Just what do you plan to or might like to do with your time when you have the option? It’s the retirement readiness and priorities that will effect these decisions. (more…)

If we boil things down to a simple two-part equation, retirement planning is all about managing inflows (income) during your earning years and outflows (expenses) during your retirement years. Of course, retirement means different things to different people at different points in their lives. Rather than a static state, retirement is a dynamic state, changing with life events, financial events, and even your own education as you learn more about concepts and products. The more information you absorb, the more comfortable you feel in being an active participant in the retirement planning process. Your plan for accumulating assets for retirement has to take all of this into account and be flexible enough to adapt to all kinds of changes. (more…)

Early Retirement Incentive Plans extend the benefits offered to workers or give additional financial inducements that motivate employees to retire prior to the age or time they otherwise would retire. Early retirement incentive plans first appeared on the employee benefit landscape in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The nation was struggling with “stagflation,” and many firms sought to reduce their labor costs without resorting to layoffs. At the same time, the long-term trend toward earlier retirements was proceeding unabated. Many workers expressed a desire to enjoy the “leisure” that could be secured through the early retirement provisions of many companies’ defined benefit plans. (more…)

Periodic additions to income payments that enable recipients to purchase the same amount and quality of goods and services over time despite inflation. As experienced by older Americans, Cost of Living Adjustments are annual increases to Social Security benefits and other income payments that reflect the previous year’s inflation rate in urban areas. Although a common perception is that older persons dependent on Social Security are protected from losing purchasing power, in actuality, after a few years they often cannot maintain the level of retirement standard of living they had upon retirement and experience increases in their cost of living greater than increases in their retirement income. (more…)

This question arises with the greatest frequency, and it ranks, as one would expect, as one of the most difficult to answer. We can only suggest general guidelines because your investment risk tolerance may differ from the next person’s. Also, investment choices should reflect one’s overall economic situation, and advertisements for online brokerage houses notwithstanding, not every form or method of investment suits every situation. In an age when most of us are at least aware of general movements in the market, if not actually participating in some way, most of us wish for a formula to provide the optimal investment mix for our particular situation. (more…)

Like the peculiar behavior of the dog in the night in the Sherlock Holmes story “Silver Blaze,” one of the obvious but overlooked clues about the insurance orientation of TIAA-CREF appears in the names of the accounts that are given to the various accumulation alternatives available to you. Each account is labeled an “annuity,” and each contribution is called a “premium.” To avoid confusion you should note that what TIAA-CREF labels as an “account,” you probably would call an investment choice or fund.

Stripped to the basics, your Retirement Annuity (or “Retirement Annuity”) boils down to an accumulation agreement between you and TIAA-CREF. (more…)

Having decided that a corporation can afford and should offer some type of employee benefits plan, the next step is to determine what type of plan or plans the company should adopt.

Employee benefit plans that provide some form of deferred benefits (that is, benefits deferred until after the employee retires) fall into two broad categories. A defined contribution pension plans provides an individual account for each participant and benefits are based upon the amount contributed by the company, or by the company and the employee, to that account, together with the investment results of the account. (more…)

There are a number of strategies for managing your post retirement income sources. One idea, which I discussed earlier, is to postpone taking Social Security until you reach age 70. A five-year delay is worth about 35 percent more in monthly benefits. You may want to consider buying a five-year immediate annuity to replace the income you are electing to defer from Social Security.

If at all possible, make sure that you avoid penalties on withdrawals from your retirement plans. (more…)

Perhaps the most common way that people create retirement income is through the use of systematic withdrawals from their retirement investment programs. You simply choose how much you want to withdraw, and the mutual fund company, bank, or insurance company complies with your request. Most systematic withdrawals are programmed. This means that the request is automated to make your withdrawals easy and consistent. (more…)