There is an old adage that says “numbers don’t lie.” So when it comes to figuring out how much money do you need to retire, you need to understand basic math, a few retirement concepts, and some financial retirement concepts. This is where you may wish you had paid more attention to your high school math teacher. (more…)

Once your Average In­dexed Monthly Earnings (AIME) is calculated, the Social Security Administration applies a percentage, called a Replacement Rate, to arrive at your monthly social security statement of benefits amount. The average Replacement Rate is 40 percent. However, the rate tends to be higher for low-income workers and lower for higher income workers. In this progressive way, lower-paid workers—who in theory would have less opportunity to save—get proportionally more of their incomes replaced by Social Security. (more…)

With respect to investments, the first task of the corporate sponsor is to set return objectives and broad definitions of characteristics for the investment portfolio that receives the corporate contribution. Setting investment objectives by the corporation for the investment manager or managers was not always considered an important function of the corporate sponsor; objective setting frequently was left to the discretion of the investment manager. However, as funds have grown in size, setting investment objectives has assumed increased importance; written objectives are prepared and then reviewed at regular intervals. Unfortunately, objectives often are stated in very vague terms, such as obtaining the maximum return consistent with prudence. Nevertheless, this problem is getting increased attention, and more specific directions may be expected in the future. (more…)

Employer-sponsored defined benefit pension plans in which the benefit is defined by account value rather than monthly lifetime retirement income. Cash balance plans are often referred to as “hybrids” because they have some of the characteristics of traditional “defined benefit” (DB) pension plans and some of the characteristics of “defined contribution” (DC) plans, such as 401(k). In general, traditional defined benefit plans promise qualified employees an income benefit for life (or some other period) starting at “normal retirement age,” without regard to how much (or little) the employer must contribute to the plan to fund the benefit. Defined contribution plans, on the other hand, promise only how much the employer will contribute to a qualified employee’s account from time to time until the employee retires but they make no promises with regard to investment earnings or results, let alone a monthly income benefit for life. (more…)

“Portable,” as defined in Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary, means “capable of being transported or conveyed.” A portable retirement account would allow you to move it from one employer to another without any discernible detriment to you. As a rule, employers in either the not-for-profit or the for-profit sector rarely permit employees to bring retirement plans from previous employers to their new positions. On occasion, Congress has debated enacting legislation that would allow for the creation of individual pension accounts that could be moved from one employer to another. (more…)

A company may terminate an employee benefit plan. However, a plan qualified for favorable tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code must provide that, in effect, each affected participant becomes fully vested in his accrued benefit at the time of termination. ERISA also provides that, for defined benefit plans, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) must be notified. (more…)

As the name indicates, a Supplemental Retirement Annuity (the “SRA”) operates as an adjunct to your Retirement Annuity. If your employer offers an Supplemental Retirement Annuity, you have the opportunity to augment your retirement stash on a tax-deferred basis through a salary deferral agreement, provided you are within the contribution limitations stipulated by law. Again, your benefits office will be able to advise you as to how large a percentage of your salary you may contribute to your Supplemental Retirement Annuity. Not all institutions offer the SRA. If your employer is one who does, try your hardest to take advantage of this feature of your employer’s plan. (more…)

Early Retirement Incentive Plans extend the benefits offered to workers or give additional financial inducements that motivate employees to retire prior to the age or time they otherwise would retire. Early retirement incentive plans first appeared on the employee benefit landscape in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The nation was struggling with “stagflation,” and many firms sought to reduce their labor costs without resorting to layoffs. At the same time, the long-term trend toward earlier retirements was proceeding unabated. Many workers expressed a desire to enjoy the “leisure” that could be secured through the early retirement provisions of many companies’ defined benefit plans. (more…)

Approximately one-fifth (20 percent) of post retirement income sources today comes from qualified retirement plan assets. Within 20 years, that number will increase to just under one-third (30 percent) of post retirement income. These are broadly defined as assets on which you have not yet paid retirement income taxes, though there is one exception in the Roth IRA. (more…)

By some estimates, the personal savings rate in America has dropped to as low as 1 percent of income in recent years. This is down from approximately 8 percent in 1980, 5 percent in 1993, and 2.2 percent in 1999, and it is a frightening statistic. We save half as much as the Europeans and one-third as much as the Japanese. Not only is the trend bad in relative terms, in absolute terms, it means most people today will have to either work longer to achieve their retirement goals or sacrifice quality of life during retirement. Some will have to do both. (more…)